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    US Code, Title 15 (2009 edition)

    US Code, Title 15 (2009 edition) — COMMERCE AND TRADE

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    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="usc.css" /> <title>U.S.C. Title 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE </title> <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-NAME:2006 Edition and Supplement III --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-ID:2006SUPP309 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-YEAR:2009 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-LAWS-ENACTED-THROUGH-DATE:20100201 --> <!-- SEARCHABLE-LAWS-ENACTED-THROUGH-DATE:February 1st, 2010 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-NAME:TITLE 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-ENUM:15 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-STATUS:editorial --> <!-- CONVERSION-PROGRAM:xy2html.pm-0.332-20100517 --> <!-- CONVERSION-DATETIME:20100622160719 --> </head> <body> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;">15 U.S.C. </span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">United States Code, 2009 Edition</span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">Title 15 - COMMERCE AND TRADE</span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, <a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a></span><br/><br/> <div width="700"> <!-- PDFPage:1 --> <!-- documentid:15_ currentthrough:20100201 documentPDFPage:-1 --> <!-- itempath:/150 --> <!-- itemsortkey:150AAAA --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 15-COMMERCE AND TRADE --> <!-- field-start:titlehead --> <h1 class="usc-title-head">TITLE 15&mdash;COMMERCE AND TRADE</h1> <!-- field-end:titlehead --> <!-- field-start:analysis --> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="analysis-head-left">Chap.</div><div class="analysis-head-right">Sec.</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">1.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Monopolies and Combinations in Restraint of Trade</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Federal Trade Commission; Promotion of Export Trade and Prevention of Unfair Methods of Competition</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">41</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Securities and Trust Indentures</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">77a</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2B.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Securities Exchanges</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">78a</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2B&ndash;1.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Securities Investor Protection</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">78aaa</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2C.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Public Utility Holding Companies</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">79</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2D.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Investment Companies and Advisers</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">80a&ndash;1</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2E.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Omnibus Small Business Capital Formation</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">80c</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">3.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Trade-Marks</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">81</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">4.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">China Trade</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">141</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">5.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Statistical and Commercial Information</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">171</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">6.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Weights and Measures and Standard Time</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">7.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Institute of Standards and Technology</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">271</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">7A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Standard Reference Data Program</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">290</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">8.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Falsely Stamped Gold or Silver or Goods Manufactured Therefrom</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">291</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">9.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Weather Service</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">311</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">9A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Weather Modification Activities or Attempts; Reporting Requirement</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">330</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">10.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">War Finance Corporation [Omitted]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">331</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">10A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Collection of State Cigarette Taxes</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">375</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">10B.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">State Taxation of Income From Interstate Commerce</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">381</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">11.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Caustic Poisons [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">12.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Discrimination Against Farmers&rsquo; Cooperative Associations by Boards of Trade</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">431</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">13.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Textile Foundation</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">13A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Fishing Industry</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">521</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">14.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Reconstruction Finance Corporation [Repealed, Omitted, or Transferred]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">14A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Aid to Small Business</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">631</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">14B.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Small Business Investment Program</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">661</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">15.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Economic Recovery</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">15A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Interstate Transportation of Petroleum Products</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">715</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">15B.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Natural Gas</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">717</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">15C.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Alaska Natural Gas Transportation</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">719</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">15D.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">720</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">16.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Emergency Relief [Omitted or Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">721</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">16A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Emergency Petroleum Allocation [Omitted]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">751</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">16B.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Federal Energy Administration</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">761</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">16C.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">791</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">17.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Production, Marketing, and Use of Bituminous Coal [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">18.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Transportation of Firearms [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">19.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Miscellaneous</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">20.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Regulation of Insurance</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1011</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">21.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Policy on Employment and Productivity</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1021</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">22.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Trademarks</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1051</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">23.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Dissemination of Technical, Scientific and Engineering Information</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1151</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">24.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Transportation of Gambling Devices</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1171</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">25.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Flammable Fabrics</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1191</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">26.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Household Refrigerators</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1211</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">27.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Automobile Dealer Suits Against Manufacturers</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1221</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">28.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Disclosure of Automobile Information</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1231</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">29.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Manufacture, Transportation, or Distribution of Switchblade Knives</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1241</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">30.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Hazardous Substances</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1261</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">31.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Destruction of Property Moving in Commerce [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1281</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">32.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Telecasting of Professional Sports Contests</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1291</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">33.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Brake Fluid Regulation [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">34.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Antitrust Civil Process</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1311</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">35.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Seat Belt Regulation [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1321</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">36.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Cigarette Labeling and Advertising</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1331</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">37.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">State Technical Services</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1351</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">38.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1381</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">39.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Fair Packaging and Labeling Program</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1451</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">39A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Special Packaging of Household Substances for Protection of Children</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1471</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">40.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Department of Commerce</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">41.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Consumer Credit Protection</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">42.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Interstate Land Sales</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">43.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Newspaper Preservation</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">44.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Protection of Horses</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1821</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">45.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Emergency Loan Guarantees to Business Enterprises</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1841</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">45A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee [Omitted]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1861</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">46.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">46A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Automobile Title Fraud [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2041</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">47.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Consumer Product Safety</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2051</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">48.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Hobby Protection</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2101</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">49.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Fire Prevention and Control</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2201<!-- PDFPage:2 --></div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">50.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Consumer Product Warranties</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">51.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Productivity and Quality of Working Life</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">52.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">53.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Toxic Substances Control</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">54.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Automotive Propulsion Research and Development</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">55.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Petroleum Marketing Practices</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">56.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Climate Program</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">56A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Global Change Research</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2921</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">57.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Interstate Horseracing</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">58.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Full Employment and Balanced Growth</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3101</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">59.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Retail Policies for Natural Gas Utilities</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">60.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Natural Gas Policy</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">61.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Soft Drink Interbrand Competition</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">62.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Condominium and Cooperative Conversion Protection and Abuse Relief</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">63.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Technology Innovation</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">64.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Methane Transportation Research, Development, and Demonstration</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">65.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Liability Risk Retention</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">3901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">66.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Promotion of Export Trade</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">67.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Arctic Research and Policy</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4101</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">68.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">69.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Cooperative Research</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">70.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">71.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Petroleum Overcharge Distribution and Restitution</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">72.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Semiconductor Research</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">73.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Export Enhancement</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">74.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Competitiveness Policy Council</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">75.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Trade Data Bank</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">4901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">76.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Imitation Firearms</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">77.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Steel and Aluminum Energy Conservation and Technology Competitiveness</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5101</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">78.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Superconductivity and Competitiveness</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">79.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Metal Casting Competitiveness Research Program</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">80.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Fasteners</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">81.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">High-Performance Computing</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">82.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Land Remote Sensing Policy</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">83.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">84.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Commercial Space Competitiveness</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">85.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Armored Car Industry Reciprocity</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">5901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">86.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Children's Bicycle Helmet Safety</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">87.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6101</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">87A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Do-Not-Call Registry</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6151</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">88.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">89.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Professional Boxing Safety</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">90.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Propane Education and Research</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">91.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Children's Online Privacy Protection</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">91A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Promoting a Safe Internet for Children</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6551</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">92.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Year 2000 Computer Date Change</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">93.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Insurance</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">94.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Privacy</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">95.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Microenterprise Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Program</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">6901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">96.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">97.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Women's Business Enterprise Development</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7101</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">98.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Public Company Accounting Reform and Corporate Responsibility</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">99.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Construction Safety Team</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">100.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Cyber Security Research and Development</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">101.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Nanotechnology Research and Development</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">102.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">103.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">104.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">105.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">7901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">106.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Pool and Spa Safety</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">8001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">107.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Protection of Intellectual Property Rights</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">8101</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- field-end:analysis --> <!-- documentid:15_-ch1 currentthrough:20100201 documentPDFPage:2 --> <!-- itempath:/150/CHAPTER 1 --> <!-- itemsortkey:150AAAB --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 15-COMMERCE AND TRADE!@!CHAPTER 1-MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 1&mdash;MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- field-start:analysis --> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="analysis-head-left">Sec.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">1.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">2.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">3.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Trusts in Territories or District of Columbia illegal; combination a felony.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">4.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">5.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Bringing in additional parties.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">6.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Forfeiture of property in transit.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">6a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Conduct involving trade or commerce with foreign nations.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">7.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">&ldquo;Person&rdquo; or &ldquo;persons&rdquo; defined.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">8.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Trusts in restraint of import trade illegal; penalty.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">9.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Jurisdiction of courts; duty of United States attorneys; procedure.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">10.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Bringing in additional parties.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">11.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Forfeiture of property in transit.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">12.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Definitions; short title.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">13.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Discrimination in price, services, or facilities.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">13a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Discrimination in rebates, discounts, or advertising service charges; underselling in particular localities; penalties.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">13b.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Cooperative association; return of net earnings or surplus.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">13c.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Exemption of non-profit institutions from price discrimination provisions.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">14.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Sale, etc., on agreement not to use goods of competitor.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Suits by persons injured.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Suits by United States; amount of recovery; prejudgment interest.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15b.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Limitation of actions.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15c.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Actions by State attorneys general.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15d.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Measurement of damages.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15e.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Distribution of damages.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15f.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Actions by Attorney General.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15g.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Definitions.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">15h.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Applicability of parens patriae actions.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">16.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Judgments.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">17.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Antitrust laws not applicable to labor organizations.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">18.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Acquisition by one corporation of stock of another.<!-- PDFPage:3 --></div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">18a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Premerger notification and waiting period.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">19.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Interlocking directorates and officers.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">19a, 20.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right" id="wide">Repealed.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">21.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Enforcement provisions.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">21a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Actions and proceedings pending prior to June 19, 1936; additional and continuing violations.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">22.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">District in which to sue corporation.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">23.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Suits by United States; subpoenas for witnesses.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">24.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Liability of directors and agents of corporation.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">25.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Restraining violations; procedure.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">26.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Injunctive relief for private parties; exception; costs.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">26a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Restrictions on the purchase of gasohol and synthetic motor fuel.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">26b.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Application of antitrust laws to professional major league baseball.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">27.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Effect of partial invalidity.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">27a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Transferred.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">28.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right" id="wide">Repealed.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">29.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Appeals.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">30 to 33.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right" id="wide">Repealed.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">34.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Definitions applicable to sections 34 to 36.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">35.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations from any local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">36.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Recovery of damages, etc., for antitrust violations on claim against person based on official action directed by local government, or official or employee thereof acting in an official capacity.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">37.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Immunity from antitrust laws.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">37a.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Definitions.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">37b.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Confirmation of antitrust status of graduate medical resident matching programs.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">38.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Association of marine insurance companies; application of antitrust laws.</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- field-end:analysis --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:miscellaneous-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Historical Note</h4> <p class="note-body">This chapter includes among other statutory provisions the Sherman Act, comprising sections 1 to 7 of this title, the Clayton Act, comprising sections 12, 13, 14 to 19, 20, 21, and 22 to 27 of this title and sections 52 and 53 of Title 29, Labor, the Wilson Tariff Act, comprising sections 8 and 9 of this title, the Robinson-Patman Price Discrimination Act, comprising sections 13, 13a, 13b, and 21a of this title, the &ldquo;Expediting Act&rdquo;, sections 28 and 29 of this title, and the &ldquo;Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976&rdquo;, comprising sections 15c to 15h, 18a, and 66 of this title. For complete classification of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act, see Short Title note under section 1 of this title.</p> <h4 class="note-head">Congressional Investigation of Monopoly</h4> <p class="note-body">Joint Res. June 16, 1938, ch. 456, 52 Stat. 705, created a Temporary National Economic Committee which was authorized to make a full investigation on monopoly and the concentration of economic power in and financial control over production and distribution of goods and services. The time for submitting the final report under Joint Res. June 16, 1938, ch. 456, 52 Stat. 705, as amended Apr. 26, 1939, ch. 104, &sect;&sect;1, 2, 53 Stat. 624, was extended to Apr. 3, 1941, by Joint Res. Dec. 16, 1940, ch. 932, 54 Stat. 1225. The committee's report was presented to Congress on Mar. 31, 1941, and was published in Senate Document No. 35.</p> <!-- field-end:miscellaneous-note --> <!-- field-start:executivedocument-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Executive Order No. 12022</h4> <p class="note-body">Ex. Ord. No. 12022, Dec. 1, 1977, 42 F.R. 61441, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12052, Apr. 7, 1978, 43 F.R. 15133, which related to the National Commission for the Review of Antitrust Laws and Procedures, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12258, Dec. 31, 1980, 46 F.R. 1251, set out as a note under section 14 of the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.</p> <!-- field-end:executivedocument-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:15_1 usckey:150000000000100000000000000000000 currentthrough:20100201 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/150/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 1 --> <!-- itemsortkey:150AAAC --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 15-COMMERCE AND TRADE!@!CHAPTER 1-MONOPOLIES AND COMBINATIONS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE!@!Sec. 1 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;1. Trusts, etc., in restraint of trade illegal; penalty</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any contract or engage in any combination or conspiracy hereby declared to be illegal shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding $100,000,000 if a corporation, or, if any other person, $1,000,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(July 2, 1890, ch. 647, &sect;1, 26 Stat. 209; Aug. 17, 1937, ch. 690, title VIII, 50 Stat. 693; July 7, 1955, ch. 281, 69 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 93&ndash;528, &sect;3, Dec. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1708; Pub. L. 94&ndash;145, &sect;2, Dec. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 801; Pub. L. 101&ndash;588, &sect;4(a), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2880; Pub. L. 108&ndash;237, title II, &sect;215(a), June 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 668.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:amendment-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4> <p class="note-body">2004&mdash;Pub. L. 108&ndash;237 substituted &ldquo;$100,000,000&rdquo; for &ldquo;$10,000,000&rdquo;, &ldquo;$1,000,000&rdquo; for &ldquo;$350,000&rdquo;, and &ldquo;10&rdquo; for &ldquo;three&rdquo;.</p> <p class="note-body">1990&mdash;Pub. L. 101&ndash;588 substituted &ldquo;$10,000,000&rdquo; for &ldquo;one million dollars&rdquo; and &ldquo;$350,000&rdquo; for &ldquo;one hundred thousand dollars&rdquo;.</p> <p class="note-body">1975&mdash;Pub. L. 94&ndash;145 struck out from first sentence two provisos granting anti-trust exemption to State fair trade laws.</p> <p class="note-body">1974&mdash;Pub. L. 93&ndash;528 substituted &ldquo;a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding one million dollars if a corporation, or, if any other person, one hundred thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding three years&rdquo; for &ldquo;a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding fifty thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year&rdquo;.</p> <p class="note-body">1955&mdash;Act July 7, 1955, substituted &ldquo;fifty thousand dollars&rdquo; for &ldquo;five thousand dollars&rdquo;.</p> <p class="note-body">1937&mdash;Act Aug. 17, 1937, inserted two provisos.</p> <!-- field-end:amendment-note --> <!-- field-start:effectivedate-amendment-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Effective Date of 2001 Amendment</h4> <p class="note-body">Pub. L. 107&ndash;72, &sect;4, Nov. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 650, provided that: &ldquo;This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on September 30, 2001.&rdquo;</p> <h4 class="note-head">Effective Date of 1975 Amendment</h4> <p class="note-body">Section 4 of Pub. L. 94&ndash;145 provided that: &ldquo;The amendments made by sections 2 and 3 of this Act [amending this section and section 45 of this title] shall take effect upon the expiration of the ninety-day period which begins on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 1975].&rdquo;</p> <!-- field-end:effectivedate-amendment-note --> <!-- field-start:shorttitle-amendment-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Short T…

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