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    US Code, Title 23 (1994 edition)

    US Code, Title 23 (1994 edition) — HIGHWAYS

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    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="usc.css" /> <title>U.S.C. Title 23 - HIGHWAYS <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-NAME:1994 Edition --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-ID:1994MNED094 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-YEAR:1994 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-LAWS-ENACTED-THROUGH-DATE:19950104 --> <!-- SEARCHABLE-LAWS-ENACTED-THROUGH-DATE:January 4th, 1995 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-NAME:TITLE 23 - HIGHWAYS --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-ENUM:23 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-STATUS:positive-law --> <!-- CONVERSION-PROGRAM:xy2html.pm-0.329-20100225 --> <!-- CONVERSION-DATETIME:20100225114614 --> </title> </head> <body> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;">23 U.S.C. </span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">United States Code, 1994 Edition</span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">Title 23 - HIGHWAYS</span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, <a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a></span><br/><br/> <div width="700"> <!-- PDFPage:1 --> <!-- documentid:23_ currentthrough:19950104 documentPDFPage:-1 --> <!-- itempath:/230 --> <!-- itemsortkey:230AAAA --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 23-HIGHWAYS --> <!-- field-start:titlehead --> <h1 class="usc-title-head">TITLE 23&mdash;HIGHWAYS</h1> <!-- field-end:titlehead --> <!-- field-start:titleenactmentcredit --> <p class="usc-title-ital-spanner">This title was enacted by Pub. L. 85&ndash;767, &sect;1, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885</p> <!-- field-end:titleenactmentcredit --> <!-- field-start:analysis --> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="analysis-head-left">Chap.</div><div class="analysis-head-right">Sec.</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">1.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Federal Aid Highways&nbsp;<sup><a href="#_1_target" name="_1">1</a></sup></div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">101</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Other Highways</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">3.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">General Provisions</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">4.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Highway Safety</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">[5.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Repealed.]</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- field-end:analysis --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:amendment-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4> <p class="note-body">1966&mdash;Pub. L. 89&ndash;564, title I, &sect;102(b)(3), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 735, added item 4.</p> <table class="uscdispo2col" cellspacing="0" width="700"><caption><cap-smallcap>Table Showing Disposition of All Sections of Former Title </cap-smallcap>23</caption> <tr><th id="row0col0"><em>Title 23 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Former&nbsp;Sections&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</em></th><th id="row0col1"><em>Title 23 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New&nbsp;Sections&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</em></th></tr> <tr> <td class="left">1</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">2</td> <td class="right">101</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">2a</td> <td class="right">101(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">2b</td> <td class="right">101(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">3</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">3a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">3b</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">4</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">5</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">6</td> <td class="right">103(b), (e), 105(c), 121(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">6&ndash;1</td> <td class="right">103(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">6a</td> <td class="right">103(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">6a&ndash;1</td> <td class="right">105(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">6a&ndash;2</td> <td class="right">310</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">6b</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">6c</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">7</td> <td class="right">110(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">8</td> <td class="right">109(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">8a</td> <td class="right">109(a), 112(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">9</td> <td class="right">301</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">9a</td> <td class="right">129(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">9a&ndash;1</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">9b</td> <td class="right">129(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">10</td> <td class="right">109(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">10a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">10b</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">10c</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">11</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">12</td> <td class="right">105(a), 106(a), (c), 121(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">12a</td> <td class="right">121(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">12b</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">13</td> <td class="right">114(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">13&ndash;1</td> <td class="right">112(b), (c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">13a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">13b</td> <td class="right">103(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">14</td> <td class="right">121(a), (b), (e)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">14a</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">15</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">16</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">17</td> <td class="right">316</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">18</td> <td class="right">317(a)&ndash;(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">19</td> <td class="right">315</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">20</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">20a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21</td> <td class="right">104(a), (b)(1)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21&ndash;1</td> <td class="right">307(a), (b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21a</td> <td class="right">104(b), 105(a), 106(a), 114(a), 118(a), (c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21a&ndash;1</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21a&ndash;2</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21b</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21c</td> <td class="right">311</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21d</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">21e</td> <td class="right">122</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">22</td> <td class="right">104(e)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">23</td> <td class="right">101(a), 202(b), 204(a)&ndash;(c), 205(a)&ndash;(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">23a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">23b</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">23b&ndash;1</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">23c</td> <td class="right">205(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">24</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">24a</td> <td class="right">109(e)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">25</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">26</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">41</td> <td class="right">101(a), 105(e)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">41a</td> <td class="right">101(a), 103(b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">41b</td> <td class="right">101(a), 103(b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">42</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">43</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">44</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">45</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">46</td> <td class="right">See T. 18 &sect;1020</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">47&ndash;53</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">54</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">54a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">54b</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">55</td> <td class="right">126</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">55a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">55b</td> <td class="right">126(b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">56</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">57</td> <td class="right">314</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">58</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">59</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">59a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">60</td> <td class="right">103(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">61</td> <td class="right">307(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">62</td> <td class="right">318</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">63</td> <td class="right">109(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">64</td> <td class="right">320(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">65</td> <td class="right">320(b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">66</td> <td class="right">320(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">67</td> <td class="right">320(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">68</td> <td class="right">320(e)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">69</td> <td class="right">320(f)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">70</td> <td class="right">313</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">71</td> <td class="right">303(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">72</td> <td class="right">303 note</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">73</td> <td class="right">303(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">101</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">101a</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">102</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">103</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">104</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">105</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">106</td> <td class="right">210(a), (b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">107</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">108</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">109</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">110</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">111</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">112</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">113</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">114</td> <td class="right">210(e)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">115</td> <td class="right">308(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">116</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">117</td> <td class="right">312</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">151(a)</td> <td class="right">104 note</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">151(b), (c)</td> <td class="right">104(c), 117(a)&ndash;(c), 118(b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">152</td> <td class="right">204(f), 205(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">153</td> <td class="right">206(a), 207(a), 208(a), (b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">154</td> <td class="right">209(a)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">155</td> <td class="right">203</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">156</td> <td class="right">101(b), 103(f), 104(b)(1), 116(d), 119(a), (b), 120(h)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">157</td> <td class="right">103(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(a)</td> <td class="right">101(b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(b)</td> <td class="right">101 note</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(c)</td> <td class="right">104(b)(4)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(d)</td> <td class="right">104(b)(5)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(d)</td> <td class="right">104 note</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(e)</td> <td class="right">120(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(f), (g)</td> <td class="right">118(c)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(h)</td> <td class="right">115</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(i)</td> <td class="right">109(b)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(j)</td> <td class="right">127</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">158(k)</td> <td class="right">307 note</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">159</td> <td class="right">107</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">160</td> <td class="right">108<!-- PDFPage:2 --></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">161</td> <td class="right">124</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">162</td> <td class="right">123</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">163</td> <td class="right">111</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">164</td> <td class="right">129(b)&ndash;(d)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">165</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">166</td> <td class="right">113</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">167</td> <td class="right">101(b), 128(a), (b), 304</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">168</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">169 (less last proviso)</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">169 (last proviso)</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">170</td> <td class="right">305</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">171</td> <td class="right">306</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">172</td> <td class="right">Rep.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">173</td> <td class="right">120 note</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">174</td> <td class="right">307 note</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left">175</td> <td class="right">Elim.</td> </tr> </table> <!-- field-end:amendment-note --> <!-- field-start:miscellaneous-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Citation</h4> <p class="note-body">Section 1 of Pub. L 85&ndash;767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885, provided in part that this title may be cited as &ldquo;Title 23, United States Code, &sect;&mdash;&rdquo;.</p> <!-- field-end:miscellaneous-note --> <!-- field-start:repeal-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Repeals</h4> <p class="note-body">Section 2 of Pub. L. 85&ndash;767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 919, repealed the sections or parts of sections of the Revised Statutes or Statutes at Large covering provisions codified in this title.</p> <!-- field-end:repeal-note --> <!-- field-start:construction-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Construction</h4> <p class="note-body">Section 3 of Pub. L. 85&ndash;767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, provided that:</p> <p class="note-body">&ldquo;(a) If any provision of title 23, as enacted by section 1 of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the title and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.</p> <p class="note-body">&ldquo;(b) The provisions of this Act shall be subject to Reorganization Plan Numbered 5 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1263) [set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees].&rdquo;</p> <!-- field-end:construction-note --> <!-- field-start:savingsprovision-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Savings Provision</h4> <p class="note-body">Section 4 of Pub. L. 85&ndash;767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, provided that: &ldquo;Any rights or liabilities now existing under prior Acts or portions thereof shall not be affected by the repeal of such prior Acts or portions under section 2 of this Act.&rdquo;</p> <!-- field-end:savingsprovision-note --> <!-- field-start:miscellaneous-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Recodification of Title 23</h4> <p class="note-body">Pub. L. 102&ndash;240, title I, &sect;1066, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2006, provided that: &ldquo;The Secretary [of Transportation] shall, by October 1, 1993, prepare a proposed recodification of title 23, United States Code, and related laws and submit the proposed recodification to Congress for consideration.&rdquo;</p> <!-- field-end:miscellaneous-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- field-start:secref --> <h4 class="note-head">Title Referred to in Other Sections</h4> <!-- field-end:secref --> <!-- field-start:sectionreferredto --> <p class="note-body">This title is referred to in title 16 section 3172; title 26 section 9503; title 40 sections 345c, 818; title 40 App. section 201; title 42 sections 7506, 7509; title 49 sections 5304, 5305, 5306, 5307, 5316, 5334.</p> <!-- field-end:sectionreferredto --> <!-- documentid:23_-ch1 currentthrough:19950104 documentPDFPage:2 --> <!-- itempath:/230/CHAPTER 1 --> <!-- itemsortkey:230AAAB --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 23-HIGHWAYS!@!CHAPTER 1-FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 1&mdash;FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- field-start:analysis --> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="analysis-head-left">Sec.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">101</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Definitions and declaration of policy.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">102.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Program efficiencies.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">103.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Federal-aid systems.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">104.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Apportionment.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">105.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Programs.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">106.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Plans, specifications, and estimates.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">107.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Acquisition of rights-of-way&mdash;Interstate System.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">108.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Advance acquisition of rights-of-way.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">109.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Standards.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">110.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Project agreements.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">111.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Agreements relating to use of and access to rights-of-way&mdash;Interstate System.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">112.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Letting of contracts.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">113.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Prevailing rate of wage.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">114.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Construction.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">115.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Advance construction.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">116.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Maintenance.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">117.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Certification acceptance.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">118.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Availability of funds.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">119.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Interstate maintenance program.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">120.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Federal share payable.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">121.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Payment to States for construction.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">122.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Payment to States for bond retirement.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">123.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Relocation of utility facilities.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">124.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Advances to States.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">125.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Emergency relief.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">126.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Diversion.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">127.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Vehicle weight limitations&mdash;Interstate System.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">128.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Public hearings.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">129.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Toll roads, bridges, tunnels, and ferries.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">130.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Railway-highway crossings.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">131.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Control of outdoor advertising.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">132.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Payments on Federal-aid projects undertaken by a Federal agency.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">133.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Surface transportation program.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">134.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Metropolitan planning.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">135.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Statewide planning.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">136.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Control of junkyards.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">137.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Fringe and corridor parking facilities.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">138.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Preservation of parklands.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">139.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Additions to Interstate System.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">140</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Nondiscrimination.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">141.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Enforcement of requirements.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">142.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Public transportation.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">143.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Economic growth center development highways.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">144.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Highway bridge replacement and rehabilitation program.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">145.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Federal-State relationship.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">146.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Carpool and vanpool projects.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">147.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Priority primary routes.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">148.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Development of a national scenic and recreational highway.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">149.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">150.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Allocation of urban system funds.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">151.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">National bridge inspection program.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">152.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Hazard elimination program.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">153.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Use of safety belts and motorcycle helmets.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">154.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">National maximum speed limit.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">155.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Access highways to public recreation areas on certain lakes.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">156.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Income from airspace rights-of-way.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">157.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Minimum allocation.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">158.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">National minimum drinking age.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">159.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Revocation or suspension of drivers&rsquo; licenses of individuals convicted of drug offenses.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">160.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Reimbursement for segments of the Interstate System constructed without Federal assistance.</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- field-end:analysis --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:amendment-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4> <p class="note-body">1991&mdash;Pub. L. 102&ndash;240, title I, &sect;&sect;1007(a)(2), 1008(c), 1009(e)(2), 1014(b), 1016(f)(3), 1024(c)(1), 1025(b), 1031(a)(2), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1930, 1933, 1934, 1942, 1946, 1962, 1965, 1973, substituted &ldquo;Program efficiencies&rdquo; for &ldquo;Authorizations&rdquo; in item 102, substituted &ldquo;maintenance program&rdquo; for &ldquo;System resurfacing&rdquo; in item 119, added item 133, substituted &ldquo;Metropolitan planning&rdquo; for &ldquo;Transportation planning in certain urban areas&rdquo; in item 134, substituted &ldquo;Statewide planning&rdquo; for &ldquo;Traffic operations improvement programs&rdquo; in item 135, substituted &ldquo;Congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program&rdquo; for &ldquo;Truck lanes&rdquo; in item 149, and added items 153 and 160.</p> <p class="note-body">Pub. L. 102&ndash;143, title III, &sect;333(b), (c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947, added item 159 and repealed Pub. L. 101&ndash;516, &sect;333(b), which added former item 159. See 1990 Amendment note below.</p> <p class="note-body">1990&mdash;Pub. L. 101&ndash;516, title III, &sect;333(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2186, which added item 159, was repealed by Pub. <!-- PDFPage:3 -->L. 102&ndash;143, title III, &sect;333(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947. Section 333(d) of Pub. L. 102&ndash;143 provided that the amendments made by section 333 of Pub. L. 101&ndash;516 shall be treated as having not been enacted into law.</p> <p class="note-body">1987&mdash;Pub. L. 100&ndash;17, title I, &sect;&sect;113(d)(2), 114(e)(5), 125(b)(1), 126(b), 133(b)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 150, 153, 167, 171, substituted &ldquo;Advance construction&rdquo; for &ldquo;Construction by States in advance of apportionment&rdquo; in item 115, and &ldquo;Availability of funds&rdquo; for &ldquo;Availability of sums apportioned&rdquo; in item 118, struck out &ldquo;and width&rdquo; after &ldquo;Vehicle weight&rdquo; in item 127, substituted &ldquo;Carpool and vanpool projects&rdquo; for identical words in item 146, &ldquo;National bridge inspection program&rdquo; for &ldquo;Pavement marking demonstration program&rdquo; in item 151, and &ldquo;Income from airspace rights-of-way&rdquo; for &ldquo;Highways crossing Federal projects&rdquo; in item 156.</p> <p class="note-body">1984&mdash;Pub. L. 98&ndash;363, &sect;6(b), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 437, added item 158.</p> <p class="note-body">1983&mdash;Pub. L. 97&ndash;424, title I, &sect;119(c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2111, substituted &ldquo;Nondiscrimination&rdquo; for &ldquo;Equal employment opportunity&rdquo; in item 140.</p> <p class="note-body">Pub. L. 97&ndash;424, title I, &sect;150(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2132, added item 157.</p> <p class="note-body">1978&mdash;Pub. L. 95&ndash;599, &sect;&sect;116(c), 124(b), 168(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2699, 2705, 2723, substituted &ldquo;Interstate System resurfacing&rdquo; for &ldquo;Repealed&rdquo; in item 119, &ldquo;Highway bridge replacement and rehabilitation program&rdquo; for &ldquo;Special bridge replacement program&rdquo; in item 144, &ldquo;Hazard elimination program&rdquo; for &ldquo;Projects for high-hazard locations&rdquo; in item 152, and &ldquo;Repealed&rdquo; for &ldquo;Program for the elimination of roadside obstacles&rdquo; in item 153.</p> <p class="note-body">1976&mdash;Pub. L. 94&ndash;280, title I, &sect;&sect;123(b), 128(b), 132(b), 139, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 439&ndash;441, 443, substituted item 135 &ldquo;Traffic operations improvement programs&rdquo; for &ldquo;Urban area traffic operations improvement programs&rdquo;; substituted item 146 &ldquo;Repealed&rdquo; for &ldquo;Special urban high density traffic programs&rdquo;; added item 156 &ldquo;Highways crossing Federal projects&rdquo;; and substituted item lll &ldquo;Agreements relating to use of and access to rights-of-way&mdash;Interstate System&rdquo; for &ldquo;Use of and access to rights-of-way&mdash;Interstate System&rdquo; and substituted items 119 and 133 &ldquo;Repealed&rdquo; for &ldquo;Administration of Federal-aid for highways in Alaska&rdquo; and &ldquo;Relocation assistance&rdquo;, respectively.</p> <p class="note-body">1975&mdash;Pub. L. 93&ndash;643, &sect;&sect;107(b), 114(b), 115(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2284, 2286, 2287, substituted item 141 reading &ldquo;Enforcement of requirements&rdquo; for prior text reading &ldquo;Real property acquisition policies&rdquo;, and added items 154 and 155.</p> <p class="note-body">1973&mdash;Pub. L. 93&ndash;87, title I, &sect;&sect;116(b), 121(b), 123(b), 125(b), 126(b), 129(c), 142(b), 157(b), title II, &sect;&sect;205(b), 209(b), 210(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 258, 261, 263, 264, 266, 272, 278, 285, 287, 288, substituted &ldquo;Certification acceptance&rdquo; for &ldquo;Secondary road responsibilities&rdquo; in item 117, &ldquo;Public transportation&rdquo; for &ldquo;Urban highway public transportation&rdquo; in item 142, and added items 145 to 153.</p> <p class="note-body">1970&mdash;Pub. L. 91&ndash;605, title I, &sect;&sect;111(b), 127(b), 134(b), title II, &sect;204(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1720, 1731, 1734, 1742, added items 142, 143, 144, and substituted &ldquo;Fringe and corridor parking facilities&rdquo; for &ldquo;Limitation on authorization of appropriations for certain purposes&rdquo; in item 137.</p> <p class="note-body">1968&mdash;Pub. L. 90&ndash;495, &sect;&sect;10(b), 12(b), 16(b), 22(b), 25(c), 35(b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 820, 822, 823, 827, 829, 836, added items 135, 139, 140, and 141 and substituted &ldquo;Prevailing rate of wage&rdquo; for &ldquo;Prevailing rate of wage&mdash;Interstate System&rdquo; in item 113 and &ldquo;Construction by States in advance of apportionment&rdquo; for &ldquo;Construction by States in advance of apportionment&mdash;Interstate System&rdquo; in item 115.</p> <p class="note-body">1966&mdash;Pub. L. 89&ndash;574, &sect;&sect;8(c)(2), 15(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 769, 771, added items 137 and 138.</p> <p class="note-body">Pub. L. 89&ndash;564, title I, &sect;102(b)(1), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 734, struck out item 135 relating to highway safety programs.</p> <p class="note-body">1965&mdash;Pub. L. 89&ndash;285, title I, &sect;102, title II, &sect;202, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1030, 1032, substituted &ldquo;Control of outdoor advertising&rdquo; for &ldquo;Areas adjacent to the Interstate System&rdquo; in item 131, and added item 136.</p> <p class="note-body">Pub. L. 89&ndash;139, &sect;4(b), Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 579, added item 135.</p> <p class="note-body">1962&mdash;Pub. L. 87&ndash;866, &sect;&sect;5(b), 9(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147, 1148, added items 133 and 134.</p> <p class="note-body">1960&mdash;Pub. L. 86&ndash;657, &sect;&sect;4(b), 5(b), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 523, included ferries in item 129 and added item 132.</p> <!-- field-end:amendment-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- field-start:secref --> <h4 class="note-head">Chapter Referred to in Other Sections</h4> <!-- field-end:secref --> <!-- field-start:sectionreferredto --> <p class="note-body">This chapter is referred to in sections 215, 402, 408, 410 of this title; title 49 sections 5316, 5317.</p> <!-- field-end:sectionreferredto --> <!-- field-start:footnote --> <p class="footnote"><a href="#_1" name="_1_target"><sup>1</sup>&nbsp;So in original. Does not conform to chapter heading.</a></p> <!-- field-end:footnote --> <!-- documentid:23_101 usckey:230000000010100000000000000000000 currentthrough:19950104 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/230/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 101 --> <!-- itemsortkey:230AAAC --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 23-HIGHWAYS!@!CHAPTER 1-FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS!@!Sec. 101 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;101. Definitions and declaration of policy</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">(a) As used in this title, unless the context requires otherwise&mdash;</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;apportionment&rdquo; in accordance with section 104 of this title includes unexpended apportionments made under prior acts.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;construction&rdquo; means the supervising, inspecting, actual building, and all expenses incidental to the construction or reconstruction of a highway, including locating, surveying, and mapping (including the establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic markers in accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the Department of Commerce) resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation, acquisition of rights-of-way, relocation assistance, elimination of hazards of railway grade crossings, elimination of roadside obstacles, acquisition of replacement housing sites, acquisition and rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing, and improvements which directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas. The term also includes capital improvements which directly facilitate an effective vehicle weight enforcement program, such as scales (fixed and portable), scale pits, scale installation, and scale houses and also includes costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-aid project related audits which directly benefit the Federal-aid highway program.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;county&rdquo; includes corresponding units of government under any other name in States which do not have county organizations, and likewise in those States in which the county government does not have jurisdiction over highways it may be construed to mean any local government unit vested with jurisdiction over local highways.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;Federal lands highways&rdquo; means forest highways, public lands highways, park roads, parkways, and Indian reservation roads which are public roads.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;forest road or trail&rdquo; means a road or trail wholly or partly within, or adjacent to, and serving the National Forest system and which is necessary for the protection, administration, and utilization of the National Forest system and the use and development of its resources.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;forest development roads and trails&rdquo; means a forest road or trail under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;forest highway&rdquo; means a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;highway&rdquo; includes roads, streets, and parkways, and also includes rights-of-way, <!-- PDFPage:4 -->bridges, railroad-highway crossings, tunnels, drainage structures, signs, guardrails, and protective structures, in connection with highways. It further includes that portion of any interstate or international bridge or tunnel and the approaches thereto, the cost of which is assumed by a State highway department including such facilities as may be required by the United States Customs and Immigration Services in connection with the operation of an international bridge or tunnel.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;Federal-aid highways&rdquo; means highways eligible for assistance under this chapter other than highways classified as local roads or rural minor collectors.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;highway safety improvement project&rdquo; means a project which corrects or improves high hazard locations, eliminates roadside obstacles, improves highway signing and pavement marking, installs priority control systems for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections, installs or replaces emergency motorist-aid call boxes, or installs traffic control or warning devices at high accident potential locations.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;Indian reservation roads&rdquo; means public roads that are located within or provide access to an Indian reservation or Indian trust land or restricted Indian land which is not subject to fee title alienation without the approval of the Federal Government, or Indian and Alaska Native villages, groups, or communities in which Indians and Alaskan Natives reside, whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined are eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;maintenance&rdquo; means the preservation of the entire highway, including surface, shoulders, roadsides, structures and such traffic-control devices as are necessary for its safe and efficient utilization.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;park road&rdquo; means a public road, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles, that is located within, or provides access to, an area in the national park system with title and maintenance responsibilities vested in the United States.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;parkway&rdquo; as used in chapter 2 of this title, means a parkway authorized by an Act of Congress on lands to which title is vested in the United States.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;project&rdquo; means an undertaking to construct a particular portion of a highway, or if the context so implies, the particular portion of a highway so constructed.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;project agreement&rdquo; means the formal instrument to be executed by the State highway department and the Secretary as required by the provisions of subsection (a) of section 110 of this title.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;public lands development roads and trails&rdquo; means those roads or trails which the Secretary of the Interior determines are of primary importance for the development, protection, administration, and utilization of public lands and resources under his control.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;public lands highways&rdquo; means those main highways through unappropriated or unreserved public lands, nontaxable Indian lands, or other Federal reservations, which are on the Federal-aid systems.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;public road&rdquo; means any road or street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public authority and open to public travel.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;rural areas&rdquo; means all areas of a State not included in urban areas.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;Secretary&rdquo; means Secretary of Transportation.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;urbanized area&rdquo; means an area with a population of 50,000 or more designated by the Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Boundaries shall, at a minimum, encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;State&rdquo; means any one of the fifty States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;State funds&rdquo; includes funds raised under the authority of the State or any political or other subdivision thereof, and made available for expenditure under the direct control of the State highway department.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;State highway department&rdquo; means that department, commission, board, or official of any State charged by its laws with the responsibility for highway construction.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;Federal-aid system&rdquo; means any one of the Federal-aid highway systems described in section 103 of this title.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;National Highway System&rdquo; means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (b) of section 103 of this title.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;Interstate System&rdquo; means the Dwight D. Eisenhower National&nbsp;<sup><a href="#101_1_target" name="101_1">1</a></sup> System of Interstate and Defense Highways described in subsection (e) of section 103 of this title.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;startup costs for traffic management and control&rdquo; means initial costs (including labor costs, administration costs, cost of utilities, and rent) for integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic control centers.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;carpool project&rdquo; means any project to encourage the use of carpools and vanpools, including but not limited to provision of carpooling opportunities to the elderly and handicapped, systems for locating potential riders and informing them of carpool opportunities, acquiring vehicles for carpool use, designating existing highway lanes as preferential carpool highway lanes, providing related traffic control devices, and designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;public authority&rdquo; means a Federal, State, county, town, or township, Indian tribe, municipal or other local government or instrumentality with authority to finance, build, operate, or maintain toll or toll-free facilities.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;public lands highway&rdquo; means a forest road under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public authority and open to public travel or any highway through unappropriated or unreserved public lands, nontaxable Indian lands, or other Federal reservations under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public authority and open to public travel.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;operational improvement&rdquo; means a capital improvement for installation of traffic <!-- PDFPage:5 -->surveillance and control equipment, computerized signal systems, motorist information systems, integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and transportation demand management facilities, strategies, and programs and such other capital improvements to public roads as the Secretary may designate, by regulation; except that such term does not include resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating improvements, construction of additional lanes, interchanges, and grade separations, and construction of a new facility on a new location.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;urban area&rdquo; means an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or an urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population of five thousand or more and not within any urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall, as a minimum, encompass the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census, except in the case of cities in the State of Maine and in the State of New Hampshire.</p> <p class="statutory-body">The term &ldquo;transportation enhancement activities&rdquo; means, with respect to any project or the area to be served by the project, provision of facilities for pedestrians and bicycles, acquisition of scenic easements and scenic or historic sites, scenic or historic highway programs, landscaping and other scenic beautification, historic preservation, rehabilitation and operation of historic transportation buildings, structures, or facilities (including historic railroad facilities and canals), preservation of abandoned railway corridors (including the conversion and use thereof for pedestrian or bicycle trails), control and removal of outdoor advertising, archaeological planning and research, and mitigation of water pollution due to highway runoff.</p> <p class="statutory-body">(b) It is hereby declared to be in the national interest to accelerate the construction of the Federal-aid highway systems, including The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, since many of such highways, or portions thereof, are in fact inadequate to meet the needs of local and interstate commerce, for the national and civil defense.</p> <p class="statutory-body">It is hereby declared that the prompt and early completion of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, so named because of its primary importance to the national defense and hereafter referred to as the &ldquo;Interstate System&rdquo;, is essential to the national interest and is one of the most important objectives of this Act. It is the intent of Congress that the Interstate System be completed as nearly as practicable over the period of availability of the forty years&rsquo; appropriations authorized for the purpose of expediting its construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary tunnels and bridges, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), and that the entire system in all States be brought to simultaneous completion. Insofar as possible in consonance with this objective, existing highways located on an interstate route shall be used to the extent that such use is practicable, suitable, and feasible, it being the intent that local needs, to the extent practicable, suitable, and feasible, shall be given equal consideration with the needs of interstate commerce.</p> <p class="statutory-body">It is further declared that since the Interstate System is now in the final phase of completion it shall be the national policy that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems in accordance with the first paragraph of this subsection, in order to bring all of the Federal-aid systems up to standards and to increase the safety of these systems to the maximum extent.</p> <p class="statutory-body">(c) It is the sense of Congress that under existing law no part of any sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon any Federal-aid system which has been apportioned p…

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